Fobm and section fob building walls



l.' ROMERO ET AL FORM AND SECTON '.FOR BUILDING WALLS A ug. 2s, 192s. 1,682,253

Filed-July 14, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheetl l ITETLED Romarin vwwfozs /l/ y E.4 A'lnlp EDSTTL-L I Aug. 2s, 192s.

1,682,253 l. ROMER ET AL FORM AND SECTION Fon BUILDING WALLS Filed July 14, 1925 5 Sheet'sL-Sheet 2 Aug.2"s,192s.' 1,682,253 l l. RoMll-:Ro ETAL FORI AND SECTION- FOR BUILDING WALLS Filed July 14, 1925 s sheets-sheet s .s f f a? /ff/fv /ff f i w "n v :a 4 la .o l o o I 'I [Maw l, 5m Hh. j E @Ehf f@ @M- ff/f EE. 5 7 4/ ,y

/9 v *LF-Q ggagg Y Patented Aug. 28, 1928.

UNITED STA IRENEO ROMERO AND ANTONIO COSTINIQ OF CALEIXICO,v CALIFORNIA- FORM AND SECTION non BUILDING WALLS. y

Application filed July 14,

This invention relates to improvements in building constructions, and forms and sections therefor.

The primary object of this invention is the provision of a relatively simple and economn cal slab or building form or section Vwhich may be assembled in connection with other similar forms or sections to construct the walls, roofs, or other parts of a building. A further and important object of this invention is the provision of a novel type of building form or section, comprising a frame efficiently constructed to receive a mixture of cementitious material, such as adobe.

A further object of this invention is the l,provision of a reinforced adobe building form or block or section, embodying a relatively simple -and enonomical construction whereby to utilize adobe or like mint-ure in practical manner for building constructions wherebysaid building constructions` may be economically produced and rendered fire,- proof, sanitary, and resistant to heat and cold. f

A further object of this invention is the provision of a novel method of constructing buil-ding forms' or sections and buildings thereof.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent during the course of the following detailedV description.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary outside eleva'- tion of part of a wall and part of the roof of a building construction, showing more particularly the novel features of the improved building form or section and relative assemblage kto provide a durable building construction.

Figure 2 is a cross sectional view taken through the building construction substanti-v allv on the line 2-2 of Figure l1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view taken substantially on the line v S-Sof Figure 1. Y

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken thru the building construction form substantially on the line 4 4; of Figure 1.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 are fragmentary rcross sectional views designating .successive steps in the production of the form and its an plicatitn te a buildingsl eonstruetion.-

1925. semaine. 43,5552;

Figure Sis a side elevation of a form or frame, showing the construction of the same. K Figure 9 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the line 9-9 of l `igure 1.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown a preferred embodiment of this invention, the letter A may designate the preferred type vof building form, which may be used to produce a building construction consisting of walls C and a roof D; the roof D being preferably constructed of a somewhat different' type of form E. InFigure 8 isshown a framey F, o f special construction, which may` be used for producing one of the building walls ;A the same involving common characteristics with the frames of the forms A and E, as will be y subsequently detailed. y

Referring to the form AA,'the same preferably comprises anelongated frame-work 1,682,253- TEs PATENT OFFICE.

10, adapted to receive theadobe'or cementi l tions material 11, and lincluding a retaining and reinforcing arrangement 12 to so receive the material y11 as to provide a substantially impervious and reinforced section 'or form,

a plurality of which may be used toprovide the walls of the building B@ The frame 10 of each section preferably comprises the uprights, side rails, `bars or members 13 and'l, whichmay be of any desired length consistent rwith thenumber of hereinafter mentioned compartments which it is desired to provide in each section. Cross bars or members 15 are provided at spaced intervals between the rails or bars 13 and 14C,

secured in right angled relation thereto in any approved manner, and thus providing rectangular compartments or pockets 18 of any approved number,valong each of the forms A. yThe uprightsfor bars 13 and 14 together with the cross bars 15 provide `these compartments 18, which are preferably 12 X 18 in dimensiomas this has been found to be of best size in which to yprovide the sections. Thesevbars 13,;14 and 15 are preferably of lumber, insize-l X .4, although for the lower walls of building constructions, this framework may be constructed of 1 by 6 lumber. The framework provided by these bars may also be formed of steel, or metal, or other approvedmeans, and the shape of vthe compartments may be polyg onal, round or any other shape than rec tangu-lar, which is s ecifically. shown in the drawings. tnis to e noted that cross wul lll?.

'um are witnessing wrath partinents A 18.

The cenientit-ious retaining and reinforcing construction 121s provided for each compartment 18, being" disposed entirely 1in* the compartment, in countcrsunlr relation ioV inwvz'irdly of theftliish oi'lter edges ot the I u A'that-sl-iownin the drawings; it being underthe reinforcing and retainingconstruction" partinent 18so as to he entirelyenibedded 12. "lll-iisrein'forciiifz,` 12 preferahlyinclndes l5- the @ribs or key flvanges t19,*Which are secnred in' peripheral arrangement Within' the Y compartment "18 entirely .aliont "the vinner lpeiipliiei-'y E of? these eonipartiiients 'or pockets `1i852fit being thiis understoodV that the f-f 1 ing 'piecesE 195 arefof' course considerably less in l Widththan '"the l#Width of thev framework bars, and are disposedfsnbstantiallj midway flietlwcenthe "'insh'=1oppesite fonter edges ot the compartftfVinents11'8, so that'f-the sainev are entirely d1s- 't'he'frameworkfivhieh provides posediniithejcoinpartinents inwardly of the S-ftish opposite-iniargmalj edges of the trameav'orln In additioii to'- the retaining 4flanges ffor ribs 19,itrisprferred to'provide other iV Lbraoiingfiand f ret"aiiiin'g4 `Ineans `in Veach compartment, aiid-to't-l-iis end 'the preferred arionails 2O and U21, yaflizied ein any approved finannei-at th'eirtentdsiin thefcornersl of the lo ffizanieivork ,the saidliagonalslQO and 21 beyingdisposedl :at4 opposite sides o the plane I `formed i the ret-'aining ribsl orflanges 19, lasiis illlustratedlinthe drawings; it being of rconrse nnderstood i that (the l'diagonal Vl iW,soft-hat` `when .in'position in the coinvpertinents *18 Vthey lie entirely Within their respective comartinents, in -spaced relation inwardly fof` the "outer 4marginal poser-ipso thati'the'y may be entirelyseinbedded in fthe *cementitioi-is material or "Retaining1shanlsQ inay extend inward- 55.' flyof Vthe compartment" 18'- rom thefacing t {.ed'ges foii the retaining ribs or langgcs' 19,"tor more effectively retaining' the eeinentitions inaterialin `place liin 1 -the 1 traine compart- Uii'ient, fand theseslianks 25 "may "in reality mi be extensionsfoff thetn'ai-ls which securethe providing -pi'ojcctingfshaiiks' extending `into :18 illustrates Ia means `consis'ti 'orflanges *19, at oppositefsides oi rthe opposite projecting pins, 135 -and 73611,* in the iiiannei-Qabove described,

fillingn'ia'teiiial 1l.

the compartments 18st opposite sides of said cross retaining pieces 20`and 21, as is illustrated in the drawings, for urther cooperation in holding `tlie-slab of adobe in place.

Thesections inay have thc compartments thereof provided with any approved retaiir ing" arrangement, such as Wire, dowels, tongues and grooves, cross pieces extending in di'liierent directions, and other means than stood that in the preferredinstance all of tlfieretaining work-is disposed in the coinin the adobe or ceinentitious:material ywhich is to he received in and to cover the sections VIn Figure S has lbeen illustrated `'a "frame F, which includes parts snnilar'to-'the fi-aine of4 the `-toi-m or section Aabovedescribed,

'and tlie'sanie reference charac-ters insofar-'as theyare applicable have also been applied totlieffraine F. However, the fi'aine'i-Finay have the compartments 18, thereof provi-ded with different `retaining the retainingineans may consist yo'fa vert/cal har; or retainer Vniei-nber`l50, haring the npper'an'd Alower ends thereof attached in any approved,inanner to thereduced rihsl'g' the retainingliineniher SOfpreei-ably supporting the nails or fclei'nentsl having the oppos'itelycXtendin-g projections or Shanks in the compartment 18 for the retentioii of the cementitious if'llinnn` 'The 'intermediate compartment 18 of the 1 traine ran'grenientli'sthe provision 'ofcrosse'd diag- F may consist ofthe retaining construction .12 above defined. The lower.compartiment ng oli-1a pair `of vertical bars 33 andsecured tit-their npperwandilower ends `to the retaining ribs plane 'of said ii-anges 19, in'I thef'lowercompartment 18, and f respectively f nails or lShanks for retaining otfthe adobe or ceincntitions 1AThe "frame F mayy he d Where itV is desired tof-provide a more staoleretaliiiinggl means in oneportion 'or the section than another, as in use iii-f tlie` portions ot vthe. well against which!pers'oi'is lea-n. or i against "which kiioclisimost frequently come, to `*give theradolie material eXtra reinforcement, inppartioiilar compartments.

"frrnotheri'feature 'of the) frames of they iin- 1 proved l building" forms or sections i is` the provision of tongue, and groove'connections betivee'iif thej'adjacent sections, to hold them in place. 'Thnsfat the exterior surface of one of the nprights ofeachliranid'a tongue "-yfniay he provided, vand inWardjlyfof the Vexterior siii-tace of the other for each?L upright 14; ame,}a groove 37v may hel 'longitudinally providedkadapted lto'ieceive the tongue constructions. Tlius, for the upper compartinent"v 18 of' the frainev l?,

supporting* the leo :lilfl lill lim

35 of an adjacent section. The tongue and groove connect-ions are formed in special relation; the tongues 35 beingdeeper or wider thanv the depth of the grooves 35, so that when the tongue of one section is in the groove of its adjacent section, a longitudinal fissure or groove 36 will beprovided, at the juncture of the frame uprights or side bars, wherein the stucco or plaster may 'anchor when the final coating is placed over the formsl or sections of the assembled wall. These fissures or grooves 36 of course occur at both sides of the wall, as it is contemplated to provide plaster at the inside of the kwall and stucco at the exterior thereof; the fissures thus cooperating, with other means to be subsequently described in replacing lathing, conventionally used for holding plaster and stucco. i

-Referring to the manner of completing the sections by the filling in of the adobe or cementitious filler 11, it is preferred to provide' the filler 11 of adobe, such as may be found in various sections of the country, or may be found in the vicinity in which the building is to be erected. With this adobe,

clay, or analogous material which Vmay be renderedV plastic and subsequently hardened, it is preferred to mix fromrtwenty-five to forty per cent of any of the following inaterialsz-Sawdust, eXcelsior, straw, hay, or

rother material 'susceptible` of acting as a good binder with the cementi/tious materials used, to give it body, and render it durable and capable-of considerable resistance which the adobe by itself does not possess.

As to the-manner of constructing the sections, after the frames have been completed, they are laid around the base of the building upon which the frames or sections are to be erected, preferably flat-upon the ground, and in the position from which the sections will be raised, directly into the wall structure. While laying horizontal upon a platform or upon the ground, the pockets or compartments 18 of the frames are filled Awith the cementitious material until flush with the opposite side edges of the frame. The. outer surfaces of the adobe or cementitious material in each of the frame pockets, gravel,

f stones, pebbles, or like material is partially embedded in the exterior surfaces of the frame, to give the said surfaces a rough appearance in which to anchor the final coating of stucco or plasteradapted to be placed upon the walls. In lieu of so treating the exterior ysurface of the adobe ycake in this manner,

the same may be raked, or otherwise roughened.

. After this preparationA of the section, the cementitious filling, which is preferably 4adobe with a binder,is left to dry in the frame, either by natural or artificial means; it being of course understood that the frame is sufficiently elevated so that an open space ings, so that in each compartment these fissui-esv 40 are provided peripherally about the y compartment and are important for the purpose Vof anchoring the final plastering or stucco coating to be received at the inner and outer surface of t-he wall, as the case may be.

Referring to the building construction B, the wall C is formed by vertically arranging the foi-nis A in their tongue and groove connected arrangement, so as to provide the vertical fissures 36. As is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the walls are mounted upon sills,` or floor constructions in .any approved manner, and as is illustrated in Figure 1, where a doorway or easements are to be provided, special easement framework 45 may be provided in cooperative relation with the forms or sections A, and these sections A are not restricted to a vertical positioning, but may be horizontally positioned, asis illustrated above the doorway in Figure 1, `ISomewhat special framework will have to be provided for the corner'sections of the building construction, as is illustrated in Figure 9, wherein the abutting side rails of the corner frames have been designated by numeral 47, and are arranged `at preferably a 45 angle to the planes of their respective frames; although they have the tongue andgroove and retaining` arrangements as above described for the forni A.

The wall C after the nailing of the side rails 13 and 14 in their tongue and groove jointed relation. to provide studs, has been effected, and after 'the same have been sel cured in rigid position between the floors of Vthe building or the roof thereof, they are given an inside coating of plaster 48, and an exterior coating of stucco 49,*which coatings are effectively anchoredV in the fissures or crevices 36 and40, and yit is also to benoted that upon contraction of the adobe cakes 11,

vthat .they countersink slightly from the cross bars orpieces 5,1, to provide the conipartments 52 in each of the sections 53 of the .roof D,`wherein the adobe cake 54 may' be formed, in similar manner as above deVQ as above describedrfoithe section A.

scribed. Also,` the same yretaiI-iing.'construction maybe providedffor the roof sections E, As an i additional `feature of the framework: ot the sections E-of the roof, lthe same are provided with floors 56, uponwhich the cakes .of adobe rest, as is illustrated inlFigureQ of the dra-wings, ,and'afterrthe drying and contraction of the adobe cakes `52, the tinalroot coating 57, of any approved character may be placed. The root' sectionarails 50, oficourse, have approved anchorao'e on `'the -walls of the building. i

From the foregoing description ot this invention it is apparent thata type of building eetion has been provided, which may be used for the fornfiation of walls, roofs,V

and other partsofibnilding constructions, and -which because oi" its use of'inexpensive materials, maygbe economically constructed, and when completed provides -a fire-proof wallfor building constructions. A Vall or buildingconstruction of the novel sectionsis sanitary, and is resistant'to the ordinary loads, ftorcesand stresses of building Vconstructions. The 'building section is adapt- .ableiior .a widevariety ot' uses in connection Awith cheap and expensive, buildings. Building vconstructions of the sections `may be quickly formed, and-are offra permanent and durable character,l which isinsulating both to heat and cold. Y

Various changes in the shape, size, and

arrangement of parts may beimade to the formof invention herein shown and described, Vwithout depart-ing fromthe spirit of theinvention or the scope of the claims.

Wife claim: Y

l. In a 'frame forbuilding sect-ions the `combination of a fframework providing a compartment therein, narrow retaining'ribs formed rigid with the framework extending into said (.'on'ipartment inwardly of theiouter edges ot' said framework at opposite sides ot the ribs, and aretaining brace extending across saidicompartment and disposed itherein and atlixed` at its ends to said iframework.

2,'In a trame for building sectionsithe combinationV of z a framework providing .a compartment therein, retaining -ribs formed rigidY withvthe framework. extending into said compartment inwardly of'the outer edges ot said trameworr at opposite y'sides across said Vcompartmentand disposed therein and ahxcd at itsends to sardi-framework, and anchoring pin projections carried by the Y framework and retaining brace extending into said compartment.

3. In a frame for building sections the `combination ot 'a framework providing a compartment therein, retaining -ribs v formed rigid with the framework. extendinginto said compartment inwardly Zof the outer edges. of said iframework at opposite sidesof the' ribs, a retaining brace-extending 1across ..saidcomp artment and disposed ;therein;and aitixed'at its ends tosaid framework, anchor- `for building forms` comprising side and cross bars providinga compartment,` andre- V duced retaining ribs peripherally; arranged interiorof the compartment about said? bars and inwardly ofthe outer edges of saidbars at opposite sides of the ribs.

5. is an'article of manufacture a frame :for building formsv comprising-side and cross bars providing a compartment, reduced retaining ribs'` peripherally iarranged 4interior of the compartment` aboutfsaid bars and inwardly of the outer edges of said bars at opposite sides oi the ribs,.and cross braces diagonally extending across: the compartment and entirely ,disposed therein.

v6. As :anarticle ofmanufactureia frame for building forms Y comprising l side .and

rcross Abars providing :a "compartment, `reduced retaining ribsyperipherally arranged interior ofthe:compartment about Isaid .bars and mwardlyot the .outer edges of said bars,

cross braces diagonally extend-ingacross the compartment'. and disposed therein, and la hardened cementitious cake finisaid compartment embedding ythe `retaining .ribs `and cross braces therein.

I7. In a buildingrframe the combination of framework openat opposite sides providing a Acompartment Vwith .akreduced Aretaining flangeperipherally extending entirelyabout vthe interior of said compartment, retaining means 4connectedat `itsends to said frame *and extending across said compartment and disposed entirely therein, ian'dadobe held by Y the retaining means l and vretaining'flangey in said compartment.

8.1111 a wallconstruction the combination of La plurality'ot-building sectionsptongue and groove means for connecting Ysaid `sectionsin slightly spaced relation to provide y crevices, anda cementitious coating exterior- 0i the ribs, a. retaining brace extending ly onfsaid sections having'anchor portions extending vinto said crevices.y

'in slightly spacedrelationto provide crevices between adjacent sections, each-vof said sections including compartments, cementitions cakes for the compartments, means reA 'tain-ing the cement-Rions cakesgin saidwsoni partments, `and cementitious coatings exteriorly on the sections anchored in said crevices. f

10. In a building construction a plurality of sections, means connecting the sections in slightly-spaced relation to provide crevices therebetween extending longitudinally along the building constiuction, and a cementitious coating for said sections includinganchor portions extending into said crevices longitudinally therealong, each of said sections including a frame having a compartment with cementitious filling in said compartment.

11. In a building construction, building sections comprising compartments, cementitious cakes in said compartments, means retaining the cakes in saidv compartments in a slightly spaced relationto provide crevices, and a cementitious coating for the building construction including anchoring portions in said crevices.

12. In a building construction the combination of sections including frames hav-ing compartments therein, cementitious filling cakes in said compartments, means supporting the cakes in said compartments in slightly spaced relation to the frames to provide crevices, and a cementitious coating for said sections having portions of the coating material anchored in said crevices.

13. In a building construction a plurality of sections7 means assembling the sections in spaced relation to provide longitudinal crevices along the building construction, each of said sections including a frame with compartments therein, filler cakes in said compartments, ymeans retaining the filler cakes in said compartments in .slightly spaced relation with said frames, and a cementitious coating over said building construction sections having portions thereof extending into and anchoring in the crevices between said sections and in the crevices of said sections Y said pockets',and a coating over said sections embedding said cementitious blocks therebelow.

15. A building construction comprising vertical sections each including upright rails connected by a plurality of crosspieces to 'Y provide a series 'of compartments, tongue and groove means connecting the side rails of adjacent sections in slightly spaced crevice forming relation, filler cakes retained in said compartments of the sections, means formed on the filler cakes to provide an anchor, and a coating over said sections anchoring on said filler cake and in the crevices between said sections.

16. As an article of manufacture a building section comprising a framework of side and top and bottoni pieces defining a rectangular shaped compartment therein, reduced retaining ribs rigid with the side and top and bottom pieces extending into said compartment in a plane placed inwardly from the planes of the outer edges of the framework, diagonally extending cross braces secured at their ends in the coiners of the faniework and extending in X-shaped relation across the compartment and being disposed entirely within the frame inwardly of the planes ofthe outer edges of the framework, anchor means carried by the'ribs and cross bars projecting into the compartment, and a cementitious filler in the compartment entirely embedding the ribs, cross pieces, and anchor means therein.

iiiiiNiio iioMiiiio. ANToNio oosTiNi. 

